2. Bu yazını adını unutduğum bir saytda aleksandr belyayevin professor douelin başı əsəri haqqında şərhlər hissəsində gördüm. Maraqlı hesab etdiyim üçün paylaşmaq istəyirəm.
And well the truth is stranger than fiction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Demikhov
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._White Russian Dog Head Isolation Transplant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2BxGOdYm8U Two headed dogs
Demikhov Shocking experiment Footage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvZThr3POlQ
Vladimir Demikhov (1916 – 1998) was a Soviet scientist and organ transplantation pioneer,
who performed several transplants in the 1940s and 1950s, including the transplantation of a heart into an animal and
a heart–lung replacement in an animal.
He began to show an interest in the mammalian circulatory system as a teenager, and is also known to have been inspired
by Pavlov's experimental work with dogs.
He is also well known for his dog head transplants, which he conducted during the 1950s, resulting in two-headed dogs.
This ultimately led to the head transplants in monkeys by Dr. Robert White, who was inspired by Demikhov's work.
1937 – first cardiac assist device (artificial heart) 1946 – first intrathoracic heterotopic heart transplant
(into chest cavity) 1946 – first heart–lung transplant 1947 – first lung transplant 1948 – first liver transplant 1951 –
first orthotopic (correctly positioned) heart transplant 1952 – first mammary–coronary anastomosis
1953 – first successful experimental coronary artery bypass operation 1954 – first head transplant
In February 1954, in arguably his most bizarre experiment, he transplanted a dog's head onto another dog,
using vascular connections to the host dog's heart. Ignoring the condemnation from his critics,
he continued with this particular line of experimentation, becoming more successful with time.
His transplantation work was widely reported inside the Soviet Union, where it was continuously criticized
for being unethical, but it was not until the late 1950s that news of his experiments spread to the outside world.
In fact, by the time American surgeons became aware of Demikhov's dog head transplantations in 1959,
he had already been performing these procedures for five years. Demikhov's ideas were initially met with a huge
degree of skepticism but he maintained a calm demeanor and was able to field all questions that were thrown at him
by his critics. Eager to share his ideas and findings with other medical professionals from around the world, he was
always happy to welcome visitors to his laboratory to witness his experiments. U.S. physicians started to learn about
his innovative techniques in the 1960s, when many of them traveled to the Soviet Union to watch Soviet surgeons at work
One particular admirer of his work was South African cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard, who became convinced through
studying Demikhov's experiments that human heart transplantation was a real possibility. Barnard twice visited Demikhov's
laboratory in Moscow, in 1960 and 1963, and inspired by his observations there, he successfully performed the world's
first heart transplant operation from one person to another in 1967. He would later credit Demikhov's earlier experiments
for making all this possible, calling him "[the] father of heart and lung transplantation" --- In 1970, after a long series
of preliminary experiments, White performed a transplant of one monkey head onto the body of another monkey. White stated
in a 2009 Motherboard interview that his interest in the human brain started in high school when his biology teacher admired
his dissection of a frog cranium and told White that he should become a brain surgeon. During the 1990s, White planned
to perform the same operation on humans and practiced on corpses at a mortuary. It was hoped he could do head transplant
surgery on the physicist Stephen Hawking and the actor Christopher Reeve.