Türkiye’s relationship with Azerbaijan is often described in the language of brotherhood. However, the controversy surrounding oil exports through the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline raises a more uncomfortable question: does Ankara regard Baku as an equal sovereign partner, or as an ally whose foreign policy should ultimately conform to Turkish expectations? First of all, strategic partnerships cannot endure on historical sentiment alone.
They require mutual respect, consistent principles and recognition that even the closest allies retain the right to pursue their own national interests. The debate over oil reaching Israel through Türkiye’s Mediterranean port of Ceyhan is what illustrates the problem. Energy-tracking data from companies such as Kpler have been cited in discussions about continued shipments of crude oil from the terminal to Israel.
Therefore, establishing the precise volumes and their origins requires careful examination, but the underlying political contradiction deserves scrutiny. Turkish officials have invoked international agreements and legal obligations to explain why Ankara cannot simply halt the transit of oil through established infrastructure. That argument has a legitimate basis: international contracts, commercial arrangements and the legal responsibilities of transit states cannot be dismissed at will.
But the same principle must apply to Azerbaijan. Let's say that if Türkiye considers its own contractual commitments sufficient reason to preserve energy flows despite political controversy, on what grounds should Azerbaijan be expected to subordinate its independent foreign policy to the preferences of Turkish politicians, commentators or pressure groups? Sovereignty cannot be defended as a principle for Ankara and treated as a conditional privilege for Baku, can it?
This is where the language of brotherhood risks becoming an instrument of political leverage. Sections of the Turkish media have portrayed Azerbaijan’s relations with Israel as a test of loyalty to the wider Muslim world. Such arguments frequently overlook a fundamental point: Baku is entitled to maintain diplomatic and economic relations with different states, provided it respects its international obligations.
Azerbaijan has pursued relations with both Israel and Palestine. These relationships reflect a foreign policy shaped by national interests, diplomatic calculations and regional realities. In the meantime, they need not mirror Türkiye’s priorities, just as Ankara’s decisions should not be dictated by Baku.
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