This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: For children born with cleft lip and palate, repairing gaps in the jawbone often means waiting until they are 10 to 12 years old before undergoing invasive bone graft surgery. University of Sydney researchers have developed a biodegradable "nanobone" material that allows the body to harness its own healing properties to regrow bone, offering a potential future alternative to procedures that have changed little in more than 50 years.
In the longer term, the researchers hope the technology could allow treatment much earlier in childhood, reducing the need to wait years for bone grafting. Published in ACS Nano and developed by researchers at the University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Nano, in collaboration with the University of Queensland, the study found that, in a preclinical bone model, the material generated approximately 80% more new bone than a control material after eight weeks. It also activated a key bone-repair growth factor at around 10 times the level achieved using conventional methods.
"The material activates dormant repair signals in the body, triggering a cascade of healing processes that attract bone-forming stem cells and stimulate new bone growth," said lead researcher Associate Professor Chun Xu, a Sydney Horizon Fellow in the Faculty of Medicine and Health. Cleft lip and palate is a birth defect that affects around 1 in 700 children. It occurs when parts of the upper lip or roof of the mouth do not fully fuse during pregnancy.
Repairing gaps in the jawbone can be one of the most complex stages of treatment and can have lifelong impacts on speech and self-confidence. "One of the biggest challenges for children born with cleft lip and palate is repairing the bone defect in the jaw," Xu said. "While some children with minor defects are treated as infants, many patients need to wait until they are around 10 to 12 years old before surgeons can take bone from another part of the body and graft it into the defect.
"That means many kids live with difficulties for years. It can affect their breathing, eating and speech. Most heartbreaking of all, it can have a huge impact on their confidence and social development.
"Our long-term goal is to develop materials that help the body regenerate bone naturally and reduce the need for these invasive and painful procedures. We hope this could allow treatment much earlier than is possible today." More than 4 million bone repair procedures are performed worldwide each year. Current approaches typically involve bone grafts taken from the patient or animal-derived materials that largely act as structural fillers.
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