This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: Scientists have discovered a new species of wild cat for the first time in more than a century, a Bolivian researcher told on Thursday. The tilcayo tiger cat, a small feline with a spotted, leopard-like coat, was identified in the mountainous Yungas region near the capital, La Paz.
Locals who saw the creature in the Bolivian Andes had mistaken it for an ordinary house cat, said biologist and National Geographic explorer Paola Nogales-Ascarrunz, who was part of the research team that studied them. The nickname "tilcayo" given to the animal by locals inspired its new scientific designation: Leopardus tilcayo. Nogales-Ascarrunz lauded the discovery as a "remarkable event, because a new wild cat species hasn't been described in 100 years." The cat is the first new feline discovered since the Uruguayan pampas cat in 1923.
The tilcayo is slightly smaller than a domestic cat, measuring around 45 centimeters (18 inches), with rounded ears. A pair of tilcayos—the only such creatures found so far—have undergone whole-genome sequencing, Nogales-Ascarrunz said, referring to a type of in-depth genetic testing. A male tilcayo is living at an animal shelter in Yungas after it was handed over by a family that had taken in the creature.
A female was rescued and released into the wild after being attacked by locals. Research on the species was published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, culminating research that scientists began in 2021. "So far, it's only been detected in Bolivia" and not "anywhere else on the planet," Nogales-Ascarrunz said.
She said the creatures were classified as vulnerable to extinction, but their small numbers meant they could soon be considered "at much greater risk" of dying out. Jonas Lescroart et al, Phylogenomics and museomics reveal five distinct species of tiger cats in South America, Current Biology (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.059 Master's in physics with research experience.
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