More than 34,600 people died in five Western European countries due to heat this summer as the region posted its hottest June, July and August on record, according to a compilation of mortality estimates from different agencies. Spain saw its deadliest summer since records began in 2015, with 5,805 excess deaths attributable to heat between May 15 and Sept. 30, according to data from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III that was made public on Thursday. In France, three heat waves led to an estimated 7,824 deaths, the highest toll since at least 2015, according to provisional figures from the national public health agency.
Germany, the U.K. and Belgium also recorded elevated heat-related mortality. Western Europe faced extraordinary heat throughout the summer, with average temperatures for the region 2.5 Celsius above the average between 1991 and 2020, according to the latest monthly report by Earth observation program Copernicus. European data indicates temperatures over the summer were the highest since at least 1979 across virtually all of England, Wales and Belgium, as well as most of France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland and Austria.
The previous record was set in 2003, when countries including the U.K., France and Germany recorded tens of thousands of heat deaths and health care services struggled to cope with cases of heat stroke, forcing authorities to improve emergency responses and hot-weather services. In Spain, this summer’s heat deaths exceeded the previous record of 2022 by more than 1,000, the ISCIII found. The worst day was July 10, according to the public health research institute, which calculates excess mortality by comparing the daily total of deaths to average mortality rate in previous years and factoring in temperature thresholds for each of the country’s 50 provinces.
About 9,600 people died as a result of the heat wave at the end of June, which was the worst on record for Western Europe. The country’s previous record was about 9,000 heat deaths in 2018. Preliminary data from Sante Publique France indicate heat deaths in France this summer hit the highest number since at least 2015 due to three major heat waves in June, July and August.
The government agency is expected to publish a definitive mortality report early next year. That compares with 5,700 estimated deaths last year. In 2003, researchers at the University Paris 5 found that devastating temperatures that year led to 14,800 excess deaths in August alone.
In the U.K., heat waves caused an estimated 2,877 deaths in May and June this year, according to the U.K. Health Security Agency, which is due to release a final mortality report covering the whole season next year. In Belgium, 2,112 people died between June 18 and July 12, according to Sciensano, the country’s public health institute.
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