Russia and Ukraine paused strikes on each other’s capitals over the weekend to allow United States President Donald Trump’s envoys to visit Moscow and make their first trip to Kyiv since the war began, as Washington attempts to revive talks that have been stalled since February. The trip by Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner comes after a Russian air campaign battered Kyiv for 10 consecutive days, killing at least 53 people. Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the war will likely continue into winter, with no breakthrough announced after the talks.
As the war grinds on through its fifth year, Al Jazeera visualises how each side has come to rely on drones over artillery, with attacks reaching further and further beyond the front line and civilian infrastructure and cities increasingly caught in the crossfire. The war, which began with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, has seen both sides increasingly targeting civilian infrastructure. According to an analysis by Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), Russian forces carried out 29,792 attacks on Ukraine in 2022.
Of these, 1,635, more than 5 percent, hit civilian infrastructure, including residential, energy, healthcare and education facilities. By August 2026, the number of Russian attacks on civilian infrastructure in Ukraine had risen to 7,170, representing more than 13 percent of all Russian attacks on the country. The same ACLED analysis recorded 245 Ukrainian attacks in Russia in 2022, with 24 of those – about 10 percent – targeting civilian infrastructure.
By August 2026, that figure had risen to 3,560 attacks, or 27 percent of all Ukrainian attacks in Russia. Although a larger share of Ukrainian attacks targeted civilian infrastructure, Russia carried out far more attacks overall. Russia has consistently directed strikes at Ukraine’s energy grid and has again warned of “massive strikes” on infrastructure in the run-up to winter, in retaliation for attacks on its oil and gas facilities, according to transmission system operator Ukrenergo.
According to ACLED, the majority of Russian attacks on Ukraine have occurred along the front line in Donetsk, which has faced more than 3,652 attacks, followed by Kharkiv (3,590), Sumy (2,969), Dnipropetrovsk (1,797), and Kherson (1,147). Outside the eastern and border provinces of Ukraine, the Kyiv region, including the national capital, has recorded 742 attacks. About 68 percent of Russian attacks on civilian infrastructure hit residential structures in Ukraine, while more than 19 percent struck energy facilities, followed by education buildings (7.7 percent) and healthcare facilities (5.1 percent).
Ukraine, in turn, has used long-range drones to strike Russian oil and gas facilities, logistics hubs and warehouses, including those belonging to e-commerce companies Wildberries and Ozon. On Friday, Zelenskyy said Ukraine would launch at least “1,000 drones” against Russia each day, compared with the daily average of 300 or so until now. The majority of Ukrainian attacks on Russia have occurred in the western region of Belgorod, which has experienced more than 9,549 attacks, followed by Kursk (1,035), Bryansk (297), Krasnodar (286) and Rostov (185).
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