Deir Al-Balah, Gaza – Eman Mahmoud Shamia has been uprooted several times since Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza began in October 2023, before finally settling into a new home – a tent in a camp. It provides rudimentary shelter for 33-year-old Eman, her husband, Yahya Shamia, 50, and their five children, all under 11, but it lacks many of the basic amenities her old home provided. With the help of a worker who specialised in digging soakaway underground drainage pits, the community in the camp built a “municipal toilet”.
It provides relief but Shamia said it reminds her of the Stone Age. There is little in the way of privacy, particularly for women and children, and for some it is difficult to use or access, particularly for her husband, who suffers from an advanced stage of lung cancer. This is exhausting for me as a woman and a mother of five children and my husband is sick and unable to use the makeshift toilet.
What is happening to us is madness,” Shamia told Al Jazeera. Sometimes I feel like I am going crazy. How did the toilet become like this and how did the door become just a piece of cloth?” While hundreds of thousands have lost their homes in Gaza, often overlooked are the daily struggles the displaced face in maintaining some level of dignity in their tent towns.
The primitive communal toilets they often rely on are an example. The ongoing Israeli siege has seen the price of sanitation supplies shoot up with a used toilet seat now costing between 1,500 ($503) and 2,000 shekels ($671). Due to unaffordable prices, Palestinians are making their own primitive toilets by cutting holes into plastic chairs with a layer of sand underneath.
Mohammad Al-Hanouti, 30, from Al-Bureij refugee camp, has an unstable income from his small streetside stall and lives in an unfinished apartment without proper plumbing. What little he earns, he puts towards a toilet. Honestly, I am in trouble – getting the basic necessities will cost me around $2,000,” he told Al Jazeera.
I am not the only one suffering from this; I have friends in the tents who are also struggling.” He said proper toilet access is a “most basic right” and called on international organisations to import toilets and distribute them in Gaza to those in need for free. Economist Omar Salouha said the toilet crisis is the result of a “severe supply shock” caused by restrictions on importing toilets, sanitation supplies and plumbing materials. With more than nine in ten Palestinians in Gaza displaced and over 90 percent of homes damaged or destroyed during the war, there has been a massive increase in demand for toilet products.
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