Persistent financial hardship may speed up age-related cognitive decline, according to new research led by University College London (UCL). Published in Innovation in Aging, the study analyzed information from 2,759 people in the UK who completed questionnaires across much of their lives through the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (also known as the 1946 British cohort study). Researchers found that people who faced ongoing financial difficulties or persistently low income during early and middle adulthood tended to perform worse on cognitive tests by the age of 53.
Among a subgroup who later underwent brain scans, persistent low income was also associated with poorer brain health (including more brain shrinkage) in later life (ages 69 to 71). These associations remained after the researchers accounted for other factors that could have influenced the results, including childhood cognitive ability, education level and childhood disadvantage. Decades of Financial Strain May Matter Most Corresponding author Dr.
Jacques Wels (Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL) said: "Most studies on cognitive aging look at financial hardship at only a single point in time. Our study using several decades of data allows us to see that it is the accumulation of hardship over many years that is linked to the worst cognitive health outcomes, rather than occasional episodes of adversity." Senior author Professor Praveetha Patalay (Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing and Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL) said: "Our findings suggest that supporting people facing financial hardship and reducing chronic poverty could also help prevent cognitive decline and dementia cases in the future." The relationship between financial adversity and poorer brain health later in life appeared especially strong among men, people who had experienced childhood disadvantage, and those who carried APOE-ε4, a genetic variant associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Men who experienced persistent financial adversity also performed worse on cognitive tests at age 53 than their female counterparts.
The researchers suggested several possible explanations for this difference. Disadvantaged men may have been more likely than disadvantaged women to engage in unhealthy behaviors (such as smoking and alcohol misuse). Men in this generation may also have experienced financial strain differently because they were more likely to have been the primary breadwinners in this cohort born in 1946.
Several biological and psychological pathways could help explain the connection between financial hardship and cognitive aging. One possibility is inflammation. Chronic stress can promote inflammation, which is known to contribute to faster brain aging.
Persistent concern about finances could also increase cognitive load. Constantly thinking about money and bills may consume mental resources, leaving less capacity available for other cognitive tasks. The researchers also observed an unusual pattern in memory performance.
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