This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: Students in Cornell's Space Systems Design Studio (SSDS) have released mission results for two unique light-sail experiments. These sails are slightly larger than a pizza box and harness momentum from photons to accelerate to high velocities.
With ChipSats onboard—gram-scale spacecraft that fit in the palm of your hand—the sails can become free-flyers. They origami-fold into CubeSats for launch and completely separate when deployed, allowing them to be far smaller and lighter than traditional solar sails. The ChipSats provide all ground communications and steering capabilities for a fraction of the mass and cost.
The two experiments—Alpha CubeSat and Sailing to the Stars—launched to the ISS in late 2025 on NG-23 and Crew-11, respectively. Alpha is a 1U CubeSat that deployed a light sail in low Earth orbit. Through the TinyGS network, amateur radio operators around the world established contact with the small ChipSat spacecraft onboard before the sail's quick demise because of atmospheric drag.
"This is the first time a spacecraft this small has transmitted complete data packets from orbit to the ground," said Joshua Umansky-Castro, mission lead and recent graduate of the aerospace engineering Ph.D. program at Cornell University. "This is a huge milestone that advances the state of the art for the ChipSat platform." In the months that followed, until deorbit in May 2026, the CubeSat confirmed a successful deployment and conducted several secondary technology demonstrations. They included a magnetorquer-only spin-stabilization algorithm; all COTS avionics, including the first-ever flight of a RockBLOCK Iridium modem; a fully 3D-printed chassis; and the first holographic image message plaques sent to space.
Sailing to the Stars is a companion ISS experiment that tested the deployment of six of these light sails in the microgravity environment of the space station. It obtained critical video footage and IMU data that help students better understand light-sail deployment dynamics. Two different CubeSat-scale deployer designs were tested—both entirely 3D-printed with modular "CubeSat-LEGO" components, spin-stabilized with laptop hard-disk-drive reaction wheels and commanded via TV remote controls—to assess which release mechanism displayed more stable kinematics.
The insights gained from this experiment inform the design of future missions. These light-sail missions were designed, assembled and tested by students, with the original concept for Alpha proposed by a high school student as part of the Museum of Science Fiction's International CubeSat Design Competition. Since 2016, more than 150 students have contributed to the spacecraft projects, with more than 50% interning or working in the aerospace industry after graduation.
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