As a franchise spanning video games, books, and a television series, The Witcher owes everything to 300-year-old fairy tales. The very first book, The Last Wish (which itself is a collection of short stories set in The Witcher universe), has a number of fairy tale references, including "A Grain of Truth" being a twist on Beauty and the Beast, "A Question of Price" bears close resemblance to Cinderella with a celebration at a ball and a knight that can only remove his helmet after midnight, and "The Last Wish" (the short story the collection is named after) is about a genie granting three wishes, a la Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp. These inspirations continue through The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, widely considered to be one of the best RPGs of all time.
The third game in the series by CD Projekt Red famously raised the bar for the quality of its side quests, and there are two that truly embody that fairy tale formula, albeit with much darker themes. First up, and by far the most memorable of the pair as it's from the base game, is "Ladies of the Wood." If you've played The Witcher 3, you'll recall the Crones of Crookback Bog; a trio of witches who live in the swamp, known as the Weavess, Brewess, and Whispess. They are, for all intents and purposes, grotesque as hell.
The three are sisters and daughters of the original Lady of the Wood, whose spirit lives beneath an ancient oak tree nearby, after the Crones killed her. Geralt's search for Ciri — the main storyline that runs through The Witcher 3 — leads him to an encounter with the Crones, but not before he meets a group of orphans being looked after by a woman known only as Gran. As it turns out, Gran is suffering from a curse that forces her to be a servant of the Crones.
Her true identity is Anna Strenger, the lost wife of Philip Strenger, aka the Bloody Baron, the leader of a settlement on the other side of Velen. The Crones then reappear in a later quest, where they're worshipped by locals from a nearby village at the top of a mountain. Anyone who is personally chosen to visit the Crones for themselves ends up being eaten by them.
In a fight where the odds are stacked vastly against her, Ciri manages to kill two of them, but the Weavess escapes. Hansel and Gretel is one key inspiration for the Crones, especially regarding the cannibalism and the fact they lure orphaned children into the woods. They're also reminiscent of the Baba Yaga, a Slavic folk tale of a repulsive old woman who eats children and lives in a forest hut.
Finally, while not a fairy tale per se, they're inspired by the Three Witches from Shakespeare's Macbeth, and an adapted quote from "Macveth" appears in their bestiary entry in-game. There's arguably a series of quests that is even more derived from fairy tales in The Witcher 3, though, specifically in its Blood & Wine expansion. The Land of a Thousand Fables, aka the Fablesphere, is created by illusionist Artorius Vigo, and Geralt must venture into this mystical world to defeat the fairy tale-inspired monsters that have gone rogue.
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