Every morning, Antonina Kulhava wakes up to the whirr of Russian drones. After checking local alerts to ensure her family and friends are safe, she commutes to her job as a humanitarian deminer at one of Ukraine’s many fields littered with bombs. Her team face grave danger as they comb through craters of mud left by missiles, in fields once tilled by farmers.
Ukraine is one of the world’s most heavily mined countries with between 20 to 25 per cent of its surface covered with potentially dangerous weapons. This amounts to more than 139,000 square kilometres of land, a size larger than England and Wales combined. The existence of these mines is devastating for civilians, contributing to one of the world’s highest rates of civilian casualties.
Children are among those at risk if the mines are not safely cleared. It helps people in Ukraine because the more we clean our lands, the more people will come back to their homes, to their lands, and also just to make Ukraine safer.” Ms Kulhava, 32, came to the role in an unconventional way, having worked in finance and then as a pastry chef. While waiting for a visa to leave for Czechia, she came across a job with the Mines Advisory Group (MAG), but initially thought the job was too dangerous.
After googling more about the position, she decided to go for it. At first she worked in secret, keeping the job hidden from her parents who she knew would disapprove. But when they eventually found out, they were shocked. ”I think that some somewhere deep in their in their souls they would like me to not to work in this area, to not to be involved, but what we can do?” She adds: “It is dangerous, of course.
Everything depends on the threat because on different sites we have different threat [levels] but it can be really dangerous.” The first step of the process includes a technical survey to assess the ground. As a team leader, she guides her group through the process, ensuring everyone is wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. There are three types of clearance: mechanical, manual and canine.
Manual clearance involves deminers combing through fields looking for explosive ordnance individually and marking them for detonation, mechanical clearance involves machinery and the last method uses dogs to sniff out explosives. Seven types of explosive ordnance are cleared including mines, grenades, rockets, missiles, aircraft bombs, cluster munitions, drones and mortars. The vast majority of deminers are men, according to UN Women, with women making up around 30 to 35 per cent of the total humanitarian mine action workforce and only around 12 per cent directly working in operational fieldwork.
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