After years of snapping up wind and solar developments, hyperscalers like Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft are betting that natural gas will power the data centers behind their lofty AI ambitions. But a new research report suggests they may regret their newfound affinity for the fossil fuel. Natural gas prices could triple in some parts of the U.S. in the coming years as hyperscaler demand collides with declining supply growth and rising exports of liquefied natural gas, according to Noreva, an energy research firm.
Hyperscalers might not be prepared for future price shocks. In March, Meta said it would build a massive 7.5-gigawatt natural gas power plant in Louisiana to power its Hyperion data center. A few days later, Microsoft and Google each said they’d build their own gigawatt-scale gas power plants, both in Texas.
And not to be left out, Amazon plans to build a 7.6-gigawatt gas power plant in Texas. For companies that historically have shied away from large capital expenditures, the data center building boom suddenly has them investing heavily in the physical world while also pushing them deeper into energy markets, which are even less familiar territory. Gardett said at least one investor he spoke with was “surprised” by how much natural gas price risk hyperscalers are willing to take on.
Noreva expects natural gas prices to soar above $10 per million BTUs in certain hubs, or delivery points for futures contracts. Today, prices range from about $2 to $4.50 per million BTUs, with the widely traded Henry Hub in Louisiana priced at just under $3. Fuel represents about half the cost of electricity from a large power plant, so a doubling or tripling of natural gas prices could make “bring your own power” AI data centers much more expensive to run.
That could drive up token costs, or it could push hyperscalers to connect to the grid, driving electricity prices higher. For the foreseeable future, natural gas prices appear stable — futures contracts aren’t anticipating big changes. But he’s not convinced they’re right.
Natural gas prices have been stable thanks to years of relatively flat demand and the steady addition of new supplies, which has countered waning production at old wells, Gardett said. He expects that energy companies will be able to add more supplies, just not at the rate they did before. Plus, new wells are getting more expensive.
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