Knee braces, water therapy, and exercise may be among the most effective drug-free options for people with knee osteoarthritis, according to a large analysis published in the open-access journal PLOS One. The research was led by Yuan Luo of the First People's Hospital of Neijiang, China. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a widespread joint condition that affects millions of older adults.
It can cause persistent pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the knee, sometimes making everyday activities much harder. Many patients are treated with anti-inflammatory medications, but these drugs can carry gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks. That has increased interest in treatments that can relieve symptoms without relying on medication.
Researchers Compare 12 Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments To determine which non-drug therapies appear to work best, the researchers analyzed evidence from 139 clinical trials involving nearly 10,000 people. The studies evaluated 12 different approaches, including laser therapy, electrical stimulation, knee braces, insoles, kinesiology tape, water-based therapy, exercise, and ultrasound. Rather than examining each treatment separately, the team used a network meta-analysis.
This method allows researchers to compare multiple therapies across many different trials and estimate how each one performs relative to the others. Knee braces ranked highly across several important measures. They were associated with reductions in pain and stiffness as well as improvements in physical function.
Hydrotherapy, which involves exercises or treatments performed in warm water, was especially effective for reducing pain. Regular exercise also produced consistent benefits, helping improve both pain and physical function. Some more technologically advanced treatments also showed promise.
High-intensity laser therapy and shock wave therapy produced benefits in certain areas. Ultrasound, however, repeatedly ranked near the bottom of the treatment comparisons. The findings suggest that relatively simple and accessible therapies may be among the strongest options for managing knee osteoarthritis without medication.
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