The relationships among achievement motivation health related physical fitness and academic procrastination in adolescents from a multitheoretical perspective

Academic procrastination among adolescents is a complex phenomenon associated with multiple factors. This study aimed to examine the associations among achievement motivation, health-related physical fitness, and academic procrastination in adolescents. A cross-sectional study design was employed.

Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 700 adolescents aged 12–14 years were recruited from two secondary schools in Yunnan Province, China. Data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire assessing academic procrastination and achievement motivation, along with. objective field-based physical fitness tests administered by certified physical education teachers to evaluate health-related physical fitness. After excluding invalid responses, 625 valid questionnaires were retained, yielding a valid response rate of 89.28%.

Statistical analyses, including correlation, regression, and mediation analyses, were conducted using SPSS version 29.0. Correlation analyses indicated significant pairwise statistical associations among achievement motivation, academic procrastination, and health-related physical fitness in adolescents. Further analysis showed that health-related physical fitness exhibited a significant indirect statistical association between achievement motivation and academic procrastination, with an indirect association estimate of − 0.014 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0350 to − 0.0012).

However, this indirect association was small in magnitude, accounting for only 8.33% of the total statistical association between achievement motivation and academic procrastination. Achievement motivation was significantly associated with academic procrastination among adolescents, while health-related physical fitness exhibited a significant indirect statistical association with the relationship between achievement motivation and academic procrastination. Future research should further examine the interconnected relationships among achievement motivation, health-related physical fitness, and academic procrastination to provide a more comprehensive understanding of adolescents’ academic behaviors and healthy development.

Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor. From the initial topic selection and data analysis to the final revision of the manuscript, he has provided me with meticulous guidance and selfless assistance. His rigorous approach to scholarship, profound academic expertise, and tireless dedication to teaching will benefit me for a lifetime.

Secondly, I wish to thank my friends for their enthusiastic help and insightful discussions during the writing process. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my family and friends. They have always been my most steadfast support, and their understanding, encouragement, and encouragement have been the source of my motivation to complete this research.